noun

• The people living within a political or geographical boundary.
• (by extension) The people with a given characteristic.
• A count of the number of residents within a political or geographical boundary such as a town, a nation or the world.
• (cellular automata) The number of living cells in a pattern.
• (biology) A collection of organisms of a particular species, sharing a particular characteristic of interest, most often that of living in a given area.
• (statistics) A group of units (persons, objects, or other items) enumerated in a census or from which a sample is drawn.
• (computing) The act of filling initially empty items in a collection.
• (prison) General population.