noun

• The German Rote Armee Fraktion (Red Army Faction).
• The national identifier for Russians in international motorsport while Russia is under ban by the ruling of the Court of Arbitration for Sport supporting the ban enacted by the World Anti-Doping Agency.
• A diminutive of the male given name Rafael.
• (military, aviation) Initialism of Royal Air Force, the British RAF. [The air force of the British armed forces]
• (military, rare) Initialism of Russian Armed Forces. (To avoid confusing with the preceding sense, the Russian Armed Forces are more often abbreviated in other ways, like RuAF.)
• (motor racing) Abbreviation of Russian Automobile Federation.